City Guide · ZW

Victoria Falls

Railway-era town, craft market hub and adventure base in Matabeleland North

🏨 Book a Hotel 🎯 Book Activities

History & Heritage

Victoria Falls

Long before there was a town, the Nambya and Tonga peoples lived beside the Zambezi. The Tonga called the falls Shungu Namutitima, boiling water, and the name Mosi-oa-Tunya means the smoke that thunders. In the Nambya language the word Chinotimba describes the roar of the falls, and today it is the name of the township where most residents live. David Livingstone first saw the falls on 16 November 1855. Until the bridge was built, travellers crossed upstream at the Old Drift by dugout canoe or by a barge pulled on a steel cable.

The settlement began in 1901, when engineers were looking into hydroelectric power from the falls. The railway from Bulawayo arrived soon after, and the Victoria Falls Hotel opened in 1904 to house passengers on Cecil Rhodes's planned Cape to Cairo line. Rhodes reportedly asked for a bridge built where passing trains would catch the spray. George Andrew Hobson designed the steel arch, which was made in Darlington, England, and shipped through Beira. Built in about 14 months, it was officially opened on 12 September 1905 and linked Southern and Northern Rhodesia.

The town became a place for politics as well as tourism. In 1949 Roy Welensky held a meeting at the Victoria Falls Hotel about forming the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. The 1963 Victoria Falls Conference, also held at the hotel, led to the federation being dissolved. In 1975, peace talks between the Rhodesian parties were held in a railway carriage parked on the bridge above the gorge and lasted nine and a half hours.

In 1989 UNESCO listed Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls as a World Heritage Site. The Elephant Walk shopping street opened in 1990, and by 2019 the town offered more than 200 adventure activities. A new international terminal at Victoria Falls Airport was commissioned in November 2016, with capacity for 1.5 million passengers a year. Victoria Falls was granted city status on 9 December 2020, and the 2022 census counted 35,199 residents.

Key Historical Places

Places of Significance

The Victoria Falls Hotel

An Edwardian hotel that opened in 1904 for railway passengers, at 1 Mallet Drive. Its terrace looks onto the Second Gorge and the bridge. Its first royal guests came in September 1904, King George VI's family visited in April 1947, and it hosted the 1949 and 1963 federation meetings.

1904 Heritage hotel Colonial history

Victoria Falls Bridge

A steel arch 198 m long and 128 m above the low-water mark, designed by George Andrew Hobson and opened on 12 September 1905. It is still the only rail link between Zimbabwe and Zambia, and in 1975 it was the setting for peace talks held in a train carriage.

1905 Engineering Border crossing

The Big Tree

A baobab on Zambezi Drive, about 2 km from town, 22.4 m in girth and 24 m tall. It was a landmark, meeting place and campsite for pioneers heading to the Old Drift crossing. It is protected by National Museums and Monuments of Zimbabwe and fenced against carving.

Baobab Pioneer history Monument

Chinotimba Township

The oldest and largest township in Victoria Falls, about 2 km from the centre and home to most residents. Its name is the Nambya word for the roar of the falls. Guided tours visit old houses, taverns, the market and churches.

Local life Nambya heritage Community

Timeline

16 November 1855
David Livingstone first sees the falls from what is now Livingstone Island
1901
Settlement begins while hydroelectric power from the falls is being explored
1904
The Victoria Falls Hotel opens for railway passengers
12 September 1905
Victoria Falls Bridge officially opened by Sir George Darwin
1963
Victoria Falls Conference at the hotel leads to the end of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
1989
Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site
November 2016
New international terminal commissioned at Victoria Falls Airport
9 December 2020
Victoria Falls granted city status

Stay in the Know

New Guides & Travel Updates

Get our new destination guides and changes to visa and border rules by email.

Twice a month, free, and you can unsubscribe at any time. Read our privacy policy.