Eastern Cape, South Africa · ZA

Addo Elephant Park

Home to the Big Seven, and one of Africa's great elephant conservation stories

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History & Heritage

From 16 Elephants to the Big Seven

By the early 20th century, conflict between Addo's elephants and Sundays River Valley fruit farmers had turned deadly. Between 1919 and 1920, the Cape government hired a professional hunter to cull the elephants, reducing the population from roughly 130 to just 16 animals. In 1925 the surviving elephants were proclaimed a sanctuary, and Addo Elephant National Park was formally established in 1931.

The park's first manager used shotguns and fire to herd the elephants back inside the reserve's boundaries; by 1954 the population had grown to just 22 animals, and rangers finally built a barrier strong enough to hold them.

The park has since expanded far beyond its original elephant sanctuary. It now incorporates a marine reserve including St Croix Island and Bird Island, making Addo the only park in the world offering all of Africa's 'Big 7': elephant, rhino, buffalo, lion, leopard, whale and great white shark. Today it is home to over 600 elephants and draws around 115,000 visitors a year.

Key Historical Places

Places of Significance

Addo Elephant National Park's founding grounds

Proclaimed in 1931 to save the roughly 16 elephants left after a government-sanctioned cull.

Founding Site Conservation History

↑ Start at Main Camp, where the original sanctuary was declared.

The Mackay Bridge

A heritage pedestrian bridge over the Sundays River, first opened in 1895 and rebuilt in 1938.

Heritage Bridge Free to Visit

↑ Visit at sunset for the best views across the estuary.

Zuurberg mountains

A 70km mountain range with a cave that has yielded stone-age artefacts estimated at 15,000 years old.

Archaeology Hiking

↑ Combine a visit with the Cycad Trail.

Timeline

1919-1920
Hunter P.J. Pretorius culls Addo's elephant herd from roughly 130 to 16
1925
The surviving elephants are proclaimed a sanctuary
1931
Addo Elephant National Park formally proclaimed
1954
Elephant population reaches 22; rangers complete a barrier to contain the herd
2003
Six Kalahari lions and the park's first hyenas introduced
2016
Algoa Bay declared a Whale Heritage Area

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